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| Memory Exploits & Defenses x31\xdb" // xorl "\x8d\x43\x17"// leal "\xcd\x80" // int to known ciphertext-plaintext attack ? XOR encoding satisfies this assumption ? X86 instruction http://cs.jhu.edu/~fabian/courses/CS600.624/slides/exploits.pdf Countering Code-Injection Attacks With Instruction-Set Randomization prototype randomized Perlin Section 3.2. Randomizing an arbitrary instruction set, e.g., the x86 the relationship between the op code (0xCD) and the instruction (INT), we http://users.rowan.edu/~tang/courses/ref/binaryCode/codeinjection1.pdf Lecture 12 Reversing Primer on x86 ?Instruction rules-Source operand can be memory, register or constant-Destination mov ecx, 5 0003 push aHello 0009 call printf 000E loop 00000003h 0014 for(int i=0;i http://thefengs.com/wuchang/work/courses/cs592_spring2007/Lecture12.pdf IDA Pro 4.9 - unpacking plug-in tutorial If the disassembled file is recognized as valid (x86/ARM64 PE or x86 Instruction breakpoints. Once we located our int_average () function in the disassembly, let's add a breakpoint http://www.hex-rays.com/idapro/debugger/debugger.pdf The Transmeta Code Morphing with a software layer, the Code Morphing Software (CMS), that combines an int erpreter, In addition, a given x86 instruction can access both regular memory and I/O space over the course http://portal.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=776263&type=pdf&coll=portal&dl=ACM&CFTOKEN=66103672 Tools, Instruction Set and Datapath RISC CPU and System-on-a-Chip in an FPGA Tools, Instruction Set, and Lcc ships with X86, MIPS, and SPARC md files, and my job branch delay slots). ? 4-bit imm field encodes: ? int http://www.fpgacpu.org/papers/xsoc-series-drafts.pdf Chapter 2: Instructions How we talk to the computer used in Mac's, IBM high-end computers, ? VAX and x86 are CISC ("Complex Instruction Set Computers") ? purpose registers x86-64 16 general purpose regs Most RISC's have 32 int and http://www-cse.ucsd.edu/classes/sp08/cse141/slides/CSE141-MBT-L2.pdf Instruction Set Architectures Part 1 Loading R15 is a jump instruction x86 -8 general purpose regs Fine print -some restrictions apply Plus floating point and special purpose registers Most RISC's have 32 int and 32 http://www.cs.ucsd.edu/users/carter/141/c02isa1.pdf Modular Development of Certified Program Verifiers with a Proof ... They are just a formal device for proving the verifier's soundness. ) ¿ :: = int step : state £ RISC instruction! state D : := register ! ¿ step : state £ x86 instruction http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~adamc/papers/CertVerICFP06/CertVerICFP06Talk.pdf The New C Standard: An Economic and Cultural Commentary (version 1.1) 6.7.2 Typespecifiers 1378 type specifier syntax type-specifier: void char short int long float The streaming SIMD extensions (SSE) [3] to the Intel x86 instruction set support a similar set of http://c0x.coding-guidelines.com/6.7.2.pdf x86 assembler language, machine code, which is entirely binary. Atypical instruction on an Intel x86 is signed, but we can declare them as"unsigned": unsigned int k; 433-252 (section 4) x86 http://www.cs.mu.oz.au/252/lectures/slides/s4_x86_assem.pdf Instruction Sets (Chapter 3) Set Computers (RISC) ? But, Intel has done just that! CompOrg Fall 2002 Instruction Sets (Chap 3) 3 X86 2002 Instruction Sets (Chap 3) 19 Using Simple Addressing Modes void swap(int http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~hollingd/comporg.2002/notes/InstrSet/InstrSet.pdf Countering Code-Injection Attacks With Instruction-Set Randomization prototype randomized Perlin Section 3.2. Randomizing an arbitrary instruction set, e.g., the x86 the relationship between the op code (0xCD) and the instruction (INT), we http://www1.cs.columbia.edu/~angelos/Papers/instructionrandomization.pdf "Everything Java": JPC, a Fast x86 PC Emulator, TS-13820, JavaOne 2007 2007 JavaOne SM Conference | Session TS-13820 | 12 Size of the Task ? x86 CPU Instruction Set flags takes 360 ms ? Turning GCC optimisations on reduces this to 86 ms for (int i http://developers.sun.com/learning/javaoneonline/2007/pdf/TS-13820.pdf Overflowing the stack on Linux x86 Overflowing the stack on Linux x86 Piotr Sobolewski Article function fn finishes \n " );} main ( int argc , char * argv most CPUs have a special instruction that does nothing - the nop http://sobolewscy.in5.pl/piotr/publikacje/hakin9/stackoverflow_en.pdf Using Dynamic Binary Translation to Fuse Dependent Instructions performance challenges. For example, splitting or "cracking" an x86 instruction into a Example from SPEC2000-INT 176.gcc Instruction formats in the proposed implementation ISA may be http://www.cgo.org/cgo2004/papers/17_61_HU_S.pdf Single Instruction Multiple Data: one instruction operates on a vector ... SIMDVectorization Single Instruction Multiple Data: one instruction operates on a vector of discuss SSE (SSE1) for single precision-Hasafewinstthat interpret vector as int ?x86 http://ww2.cs.fsu.edu/~whaley/teach/5930HPO/LEC/lec9.pdf PTLsim: A Cycle Accurate Full Systemx86-64 Microarchitectur al ... The int er-naluop instruction set used by PTLsimhasmanykeydif-ferencesfromRISC instructions and basic block cache must be indexed by much more than just the RIP (x86 instruction http://www.ptlsim.org/papers/PTLsim-ISPASS-2007.pdf The AMD x86-64 Architecture Security and encryption applications ?Why extend x86 to 64 bits?-X86 is the most widely installed instruction normal Far Transfer instructions - CALLF, RETF, JMPF, IRET, INT http://www.hotchips.org/archives/hc14/3_Tue/26_x86-64_ISA_HC_v7.pdf Lecture 20: Hair-Dryer Attacks and Introducing x86 Filler f; Pointeea4; int b; Pointeea5; Pointeea5; Pointeea6; Pointeea6; Pointeea7; Pointeea7} managed by VM-x86: registers and memory, managed (mostly) by programmer Why is x86 instruction set http://www.cs.virginia.edu/~evans/cs216/classes/lecture20.pdf Computer Interrupt 2 Types of Interrupts: External -generated outside CPU by other hardware Internal -generated within CPU as a result of an instruction or operation-x86 has internal interrupts: int , http://www.ece.msstate.edu/~reese/EE3724/lectures/interrupt/interrupt.pdf Leveraging Compatibility to Improve End User Technology Experiences AMD64 in the enterprise The industry-standard extension of the x86 instruction set to 64-bit Costs Demonstrate the Time is Now I/O I/O (25%) L2 (42%) FPU/RF/OO (5%) D$ (6%) I$ (4%) INT http://www.via.com.tw/en/downloads/presentations/events/vtf2004/keynote_amd.pdf Operating system organizaton These instructions are invoked using a system call instruction (int on the x86). In this view, a task of the operating system is to provide each application with a virtual version of http://ocw.mit.edu/ architecture Outline x86 Instruction Set ? IRET, INT ? Intel architecture manual Volume 2 is the reference gcc x86 calling conventions ? x86 dictates that stack grows down: Example instruction What it http://ocw.mit.edu/ Plan for today lhs, Exp rhs)-Stm EXP (Exp e)-Stm JUMP (Label targ)-Stm CJUMP (int relop, Exp lhs, Exp rhs, Label true, Label f)-Stm LABEL (Label l) CS453 Lecture x86 code gen 4 Instruction selection http://www.cs.colostate.edu/%7Emstrout/CS453Spring07/Slides/070427-x86.pdf AMD's Next Generation Microprocessor Architecture 6 x86-64 Instruction Set Architecture ? x86-64 mode built on x86 - Similar to the previous Int Gfx http://www.amd.com/us-en/assets/content_type/DownloadableAssets/MPF_Hammer_Presentation.PDF x86-64 Architecture & Software Porting substantial performance gains-"Hammer" IPC improves about 5%-x86-64 instruction count in save_flags() or spin_lock_irqsave() must be "unsigned long", not "int". ÉHow to check:-x86 http://www.amd.com/us-en/assets/content_type/DownloadableAssets/dwamd_Software_Porting_-_Rich_Brunner.pdf x86-64 Machine-Level Programming microprocessor based on its "x86-64"instruction set. As the name implies, x86-64 is an evolution Cdeclaration Intel data type GAS suffix x86-64 Size (Bytes) char Byte b 1 short Word w 2 int http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~fp/courses/15213-s06/misc/asm64-handout.pdf x86 Programming CS 740 Sept. 12, 2007 confused with Intel's IA-64 in the Itanium machines) Constraints on the original x86 instruction 3) goto 4) Proc. call 5) Proc. return Machine Model Data Control 1) char 2) int, float 3 http://www.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs.cmu.edu/academic/class/15740-f07/public/lectures/lect02.pdf |
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