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| Examining Graph Properties of Unstructured Peer-to-Peer Overlay ... Therefore, we concentrate on the characteristics of the top-level (ultrapeer) overlay in this paper. With the Gnutella crawler Cruiser [3], we have captured more than 20,000 snapshots http://netsec.cs.uoregon.edu/gi2007/papers/1569027756.pdf EPITELLA: Improving the Gnutella Search Algorithm through Epidemic ... To become an ultrapeer, a node must provide sufficient bandwidth and uptime and must not be firewalled. Ultrapeersare connected, in average, to 30 other peers[12,14], while leaf http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~musolesi/papers/dasson07.pdf A Market-Managed Topology Formation Algorithm for Peer-to-Peer File ... A Market-Managed Topology Formation Algorithm for P2P File Sharing Networks 65 work could be applied to any other P2P network using the Ultrapeer paradigm and relying on flooding for http://it.i-u.de/schools/altmann/publications/mamapepe_idris_altmann_v31_40330062.pdf Spotting OutEmerging Artists Using Geo-Aware Analysis ofP2PQuery ... It thus might be con-cludedthat, when the location of the leaf originating a query is not known, its ultrapeer'sgeographic location could be used instead. http://www.eng.tau.ac.il/~shavitt/pub/KST08.pdf DIVIDE ET IMPERA: PARTITIONING UNSTRUCTURED PEER-TO-PEER SYSTEMS TO ... Using a simple hash-based categorization of keywords the Ultrapeer overlay network is partitioned into a relatively small number of distinct subnetworks. http://dcs.ics.forth.gr/Activities/papers/adaner_partitions.pdf Managing Peer-to-Peer Traffic In Network Environments architecture combines the centralized and de-centralized approaches into one architecture. The hybrid architecture introduces the concept of a SuperNode (also known as an UltraPeer) http://www.tippingpoint.com/pdf/resources/whitepapers/503157-001_ManagingP2PTraffic.pdf On the Long-term Evolution of the Two-Tier Gnutella Overlay Second, an ultrapeer discovery mechanism that enables eitherultrapeers to find a neighbor or leaf peers to locatea parent in the top-level overlay with available open slots for http://mirage.cs.uoregon.edu/pub/gi-2006-long-term.pdf Design of a Self-evolving Scalable Matching Network for OCEAN Super Nodes have been used by LimeWiredev elopers to solve Gnutella scaling issues via the UltraPeer Protocol. The shielding of networktrafc and routing optimizations demonstrated with http://www.hipc.org/hipc2003/HiPC03Posters/occean.pdf Interest-Based Self-Organizing Peer-to-Peer Networks Using the popular Gnutella 0.6 architecture as context, we conceptualize a Gnutella ultrapeer and its local network of leaf nodes as a "club" (in economic terms) http://www.ftc.gov/be/seminardocs/050523peertopeersmith.htm.pdf A Study of Malware in Peer-to-Peer Networks We use Lime wire[8], a popularGnutella implementation and connect as an ultrapeer in order to see more trafc. 2.1.2 OpenFT OpenFT[2], short forìOpen FastTrack, îis an open source http://www.imconf.net/imc-2006/papers/p33-kalafut.pdf Simulation and Analysis on the Resiliency and Eciencyof Malnets needed to discover these nodes is irrelevant to our analysis). Gnutella-likemalnetshavea more stringent forma-tionrequirement: at wo-level hierarchy will be formed, where \ultrapeer http://www.cs.hmc.edu/~geoff/ieee_smmsm_2005.pdf The CaseforaHybrid P2PSearch Infrastructure network as a leaf, it selectsanumberofultrapeers, and then it pub-lishesitslelist to thoseultrapeers. A query fora leaf node is sent to an ultrapeerwhich oodsthequeryto its ultrapeer http://iptps04.cs.ucsd.edu/papers/loo-hybrid.pdf Divide et Impera: Partitioning Unstructured Peer-to-Peer Systems to ... times fewer messages to spread to the whole network compared to naive flooding, where d is the average degree of the network (average number of connections for each Ultrapeer). http://www.coregrid.net/mambo/images/stories/TechnicalReports/tr-0065.pdf Information Seeking Behavior in Peer-to-Peer Networks: An Exploratory ... Servents are categorized into "leaf" and "ultrapeer". To be qualified as utlrapeers, servents should possess sufficient computational power, network bandwidth and long expected uptimes http://www.kc.tsukuba.ac.jp/dlkc/e-proceedings/papers/dlkc04pp40.pdf Phenix: Supporting Resilient Low-Diameter Peer-to-Peer Topologies An ultrapeer does not use lower level nodes (also called leaves) to relay traffic to other ultrapeers in the network, rather, ultrapeers interact directly with each other. Such http://www.ieee-infocom.org/2004/Papers/03_3.PDF A Gnutella-based P2P System Using Cross-Layer Design for MANET The key idea to use routing table at the network layer for the P2P connection is to establish closer ultrapeer connections instead of having connections with far away ultrapeers http://www.waset.org/ijecs/v1/v1-3-21.pdf Bootstrapping in Gnutella: A Measurement Study Initialize the following data structures in memory by reading the corresponding lesfromdisk|list of caches, list of known hosts, list of permanent hosts and list of ultrapeer hosts http://www.pam2004.org/papers/247.pdf ANALYSIS OF OVERLAY-UNDERLAY TOPOLOGY CORRELATION USING VISUALIZATION v0.6) introduced a hierarchy which elevates some servents to ultrapeers, while others become leaf nodes. Each leaf node connects to a small number of ultrapeers while each ultrapeer http://www.net.in.tum.de/~vinay/iadis06.pdf Geographical Statistics and Characteristics of P2PQueryStrings Thus, an ultrapeer'sgeographyisnota good enough predictor of the geography of its leafs, especially if we want to know the geographic origin of queries with full certainty. Fig. 1 http://research.microsoft.com/workshops/IPTPS2007/papers/ShakedGishTankelShavitt.pdf A Study of Malware in Peer-to-Peer Networks We use Lime wire[8], a popularGnutella implementation and connect as an ultrapeer in order to see more traffic. 2.1.2 OpenFT OpenFT[2], short for"Open FastTrack, "is an open source http://www.cs.indiana.edu/%7Eminaxi/pubs/imc06.pdf Unlocking the South West's Creative Archive We propose addressing the above through the use of an application that employs a methodology combining some of the attributes of an ultrapeer along with new security-conscious http://catbot.fluffylogic.net/docs/SWCA_Phase2_Report.pdf Towards aBetter Understanding of Churn in Peer-to-Peer Networks Since each leaf must be connected to an ultrapeer, this approach enables us to capture all the nodes and links of the overlay by contacting arela-tivelysmall fraction of all peers. http://www.barsoom.org/papers/tr04-06.pdf Scalable Query routing for Unstructured P2P Networks Evaluation - Hierarchical Topologies 0 20 40 60 80 100 1 10 100 1000 % of queries answered Hop Limit SQR+GIA GIA Ultrapeer http://www.cc.gatech.edu/%7Eakumar/sqr-pres.pdf Capturing Accurate Snapshots of the Gnutella Network As shown in Figure 1, each ultrapeer neighbors with several otherultrapeers within atop-level overlay. The majority of the peers are leaves that are connected to the overlay through http://www.barsoom.org/papers/gi05.pdf Contents Each Leaf peer participating in a certain subnet work simply connected to some Ultrapeer of that subnetwork. This means that the only requirement ofa Leaf connecting to all http://www.ics.forth.gr/dcs/Activities/papers/secspeerD4.1.pdf IR-Wire: A Research Tool for P2P Information Retrieval An ultrapeer is a peer that is judged to be highly reliable and capable of handling more Gnutella workload. The set of ultrapeers makes possible a two-tier system, with ultrapeers http://ir.iit.edu/~waigen/proj/pirs/CameraReady_106.pdf Gossip-based Search Selection in Hybrid Peer-to-Peer Networks With GAB, an ultrapeer uses histograms of (a) the number of other ultrapeer nodes whose indices contain a given keyword and (b) the fraction of ultrapeer nodes that index a copy of a http://iptps06.cs.ucsb.edu/papers/Zaharia-gossip06.pdf Gossip-based Search Selection in Hybrid Peer-to-Peer Networks With GAB, an ultrapeer uses histograms of (a) the number of other ultrapeer nodes whose indices contain a given keyword and (b) the fraction of ultrapeer nodes that index a copy of a http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~matei/papers/2006/iptps_gab.pdf Security Problems in P2P Networks: A Case Study on the Gnutella ... addresses this scalability problem, using a two level hierarchy: the first level consists of leaf nodes, and the second level consists on powerful nodes, called supernodes (Ultrapeer http://wwwcsif.cs.ucdavis.edu/~andrei/ECS235/ecs235_report.pdf |
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